國(guo)內電池行(xing)業(ye)經過(guo)多年的(de)發展，出現了一(yi)大批電池產(chan)業(ye)，有全國(guo)領先的(de)，也有實力一(yi)般的(de)。電池產(chan)業(ye)渠(qu)道格(ge)局和品類劃分是(shi)怎樣(yang)的(de)？下面一(yi)起(qi)來關注。
渠道特征
因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)屬性的關系，鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的渠(qu)道(dao)格局不(bu)像整(zheng)車(che)企業(ye)(ye)“三(san)類四級(ji)(ji)渠(qu)道(dao)狀態”那么復雜(za)，按行(xing)業(ye)(ye)人士的認知主(zhu)要(yao)分為(wei)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)渠(qu)道(dao)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)廠家主(zhu)要(yao)針(zhen)對整(zheng)車(che)廠和(he)各大(da)整(zheng)車(che)品(pin)牌(pai)發貨）和(he)二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)渠(qu)道(dao)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)廠家針(zhen)對相關經銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)和(he)零售商(shang)的鋪貨）。一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)渠(qu)道(dao)上，天能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)愛(ai)瑪(ma)、新(xin)日(ri)、比(bi)德文代(dai)工生產(chan)(chan)，超(chao)威則為(wei)雅迪、比(bi)德文、立(li)馬代(dai)工生產(chan)(chan)，其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)品(pin)牌(pai)如旭(xu)派供應(ying)(ying)綠(lv)(lv)駒、綠(lv)(lv)佳，昌盛供應(ying)(ying)愛(ai)瑪(ma)、新(xin)日(ri)、科(ke)林，諾力供應(ying)(ying)綠(lv)(lv)源、恒光，日(ri)久供應(ying)(ying)杰(jie)寶(bao)大(da)王、綠(lv)(lv)佳、立(li)馬，振(zhen)龍供應(ying)(ying)邦(bang)德等(deng)，都(dou)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)渠(qu)道(dao)顯在(zai)表現(xian)形式。不(bu)過，一(yi)(yi)個顯而易見的事實是(shi)，由于整(zheng)車(che)廠普遍存(cun)在(zai)“空(kong)配(pei)狀況”（即發貨電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)不(bu)配(pei)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)），且空(kong)配(pei)率普遍較大(da)（行(xing)業(ye)(ye)平(ping)均(jun)空(kong)配(pei)率為(wei)60%），再加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質保期(qi)限（6-15個月(yue)）和(he)更(geng)換周期(qi)（平(ping)均(jun)更(geng)換周期(qi)1.5年(nian)(nian)）并不(bu)太(tai)長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售規(gui)模(mo)主(zhu)要(yao)還是(shi)集中在(zai)二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)使用壽命(ming)以4年(nian)(nian)計算，考慮到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)換周期(qi)（平(ping)均(jun)1.5年(nian)(nian)）、整(zheng)車(che)空(kong)配(pei)率等(deng)因素，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量（=當年(nian)(nian)整(zheng)車(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量X40%（整(zheng)車(che)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)比(bi)重(zhong)）X4（每組電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)平(ping)均(jun)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)））只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)整(zheng)個市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量的15%，而二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量（=當年(nian)(nian)整(zheng)車(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量X60%（整(zheng)車(che)空(kong)配(pei)率）X4）+(前四年(nian)(nian)整(zheng)車(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量之和(he)/1.5X4）卻能(neng)占(zhan)到85%。是(shi)以，2011年(nian)(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)年(nian)(nian)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售規(gui)模(mo)達到3.03億只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)3500萬只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)卻有(you)(you)2.68億只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。受電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)屬性影響，“一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)為(wei)輔，二(er)(er)(er)級(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)為(wei)主(zhu)”的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基本渠(qu)道(dao)特(te)征未來不(bu)會有(you)(you)大(da)的變化(hua)。
品類劃分
近兩年(nian)，隨著國家對(dui)新能源(yuan)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)扶(fu)持(chi)、對(dui)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整頓，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)出現了鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)替代品——鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)因其高效節能、環保(bao)輕便等(deng)優(you)點(dian)得到不少行(xing)業(ye)人士(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)力推(tui)(tui)崇，2012年(nian)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產銷量(liang)也確實(shi)得到了進一步提(ti)升。但不可(ke)(ke)否認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)價(jia)格(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較高、應用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術不完善，且其推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)和(he)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)沒有(you)得到大(da)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普及，催生鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)“急(ji)劇擴張(zhang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)氣候并未形成，其年(nian)產銷量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)于鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來說(shuo)，少得可(ke)(ke)憐。相(xiang)(xiang)反，由于鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具有(you)價(jia)格(ge)低(di)廉、原(yuan)材料易于獲得，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)上(shang)有(you)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)及廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境溫(wen)度范(fan)圍等(deng)優(you)點(dian)，并且，經過長時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)淀和(he)改進，鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術、工藝等(deng)都(dou)變得比(bi)較成熟，鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)中(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)市(shi)場仍然擁有(you)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場和(he)民意基礎，占(zhan)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車(che)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)份(fen)額依(yi)然保(bao)持(chi)90%以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)份(fen)額，短期(qi)內(nei)不可(ke)(ke)替代。